Which of the following can precipitate individual attacks of asthma?

Asthma attacks can be triggered by a variety of factors, including stress, exercise, and allergens. Stress can lead to heightened anxiety and muscular tension, which may constrict airways and exacerbate asthma symptoms. Exercise, especially vigorous activity, is known to induce asthma symptoms in some individuals due to the changes in breathing patterns and exposure to cold air or other environmental factors. Allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold, are common triggers for asthma attacks, as the immune system responds to these foreign substances by causing inflammation and constriction of the airways.

Since each of these factors—stress, exercise, and allergens—can independently provoke asthma symptoms, stating that "all of the above" can precipitate individual attacks is accurate. This comprehensive understanding helps in developing an effective management plan for individuals with asthma, as addressing multiple triggers is essential for minimizing attacks and promoting respiratory health.